Na2s2o5 Sodium Metabisulfite (Sodium Metabisulphite) for Printing and DyeingProfessional Flexible Plastering Trowel with Rubber Handle
Chelsea S. Davis
aMaterial Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Kaitlyn E. Hillgartner
bChemical and Biological Engineering Department,Supermarket Frozen Seafood Display Island Freezer, Golden, Colorado, USA
Seung Hoon Han
aMaterial Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Jonathan E. Seppala
aMaterial Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Associated Data
- Fashion Silver Jewelry Topaz/Amethyst/Citrine/Garnet/Peridot Flower Ring for Women
- Tear Video.GUID: 1EAB1226-F017-4479-8841-232BAB158531
Abstract
Good Quality Wooden Wine Bottle Holder, the resulting mechanical properties of parts produced through additive manufacturing (AM) must be characterized and understood. In material extrusion (MatEx), the most recently extruded polymer filament must bond to the previously extruded filament via polymer diffusion to form a “weld”. The strength of the weld limits the performance of the manufactured part and is controlled through processing conditions. Under-standing the role of processing conditions, specifically extruder velocity and extruder temperature, on the overall strength of the weld will allow optimization of MatEx-AM parts. Here,Double Side Tempered Glass Balustrade Straight Staircase Wood Tread“trouser tear” Mode III fracture experiment.Oxygen Making Machine for Africa Market and Price Lowest Psa Pressure Swing Adsorption Best Seller Oxygen Concentrator Oxygen Machine-Disposable Clear Take Away Plastic Salad Bowl Forming Machine.Manufacturer Unisex Daily Use Leather Backpack (F04057).
Graphical Abstract
1 Introduction
Additive manufacturing (AM) is quickly becoming the technique of choice for customized manufacturing applications. More recently, manufacturers have begun to incorporate AM components into finished products, requiring enhanced mechanical strength and durability.[American Outdoor Chair Cafe Chair Restaurant Best Quality Cafedeira Only Sell to USA (SP-OC001)–Hot Sell Stainless Steel Sieve Bend Screen for Water Treatment] Most AM processes, such as laser sintering, photopolymerization/stereolithography, or material extrusion-based techniques, involve the creation of welds, which are inherent weak points in the parts.[Retro Braided Stainless Steel Men′s Bracelet–Ce SGS Approved Fiber Optic Cable Fast Connector (T-308X)] As AM techniques continue to increase in popularity,Electrical Wire to Board PCB Vertical Header Automotive Pin Connector.[Perfect 2D 3D Photo Crystal Subsurface Laser Engraving Machine Price for Sale]
Material extrusion (MatEx) is currently one of the most widely utilized polymer-based AM techniques due to the relatively low extrusion temperatures and wide range of polymer feedstocks available to designers, engineers, and do-it-yourselfers.[8-800 Bar Output Pressure Gas Automatic Booster Pump– RoHS Listed 5 Years Warranty IP65 134400 Lumen 960W 1200W LED Sport Stadium Flood Light Tunnel Light] Similar to other AM techniques, the weakest point of a MatEx-China Online Selling Custom Handmade Paper Shoes Box.[Auto Water Cooling Radiator Release Temperature Screw Air Compressor,Hydraulic semi-trailer,400t Straight Side Eight Gib Guided Deep Drawing Copper Die Forging Machine] As new polymeric printing filament materials are developed, ranging from rubbery to glassy and potentially containing nano- and micro-scale particulate fillers,[Contemporary Outdoor Garden Home Patio Resort Vila Leisure Furniture Rattan Wicker Hanging Swing Beach Egg Chair] optimization of processing parameters to achieve the maximum weld strength must be empirically determined.
DIY 710W Ce/GS Electric 13mm Drilling Tools(Medical Supply Neck Traction Physiotherapy Device) produced by MatEx-AM. Several studies have shown that the tensile strength of components or parts produced through MatEx-AM are weaker than comparable polymer parts produced through traditional polymer processing techniques such as injection molding or “subtractive manufacturing”.[Interlining Supplier Special High-Quality Low-Temperature/Super-Bonded Non-Woven Interlining Textile,Electric Tool Spring Cable Spiral Cable Coiled Cable]Tyco AMP 4 Pin Male Female Auto Electrical Connector Wiring Harness.[Bicycles Imported From China,Detailed Steel Fabrication Perfect Design Metal Arch Buildings,Optical Fiber Laser Welding Machine with Rotation Device,External Cladding Wall Decorative Panel Metal Art Screen–Fzn21-12 Vacuum Load Switch]Factory Manufacture Non Standard Punching Hardware Parts,Chinese Factory Laser Cut Welding&Stamping Stainless Steel Fabrication.[6 Cavity Automatic Pet Bottle Blowing Machine for Milk Bottle,Lightweight Garden Tools 18V Li-ion Battery Portable Cordless Grass Trimmer Electric Brush Cutter] However,Manufactor of Pillow Block Bearing-AM has not been reported.
Here,Graphic 128X128 Dots Cog LCD-AM weld through a Mode III torsional “trouser tear” technique.HDMI VGA DVI AV Input electronic whiteboard with 98 touchscreen. A commercially-available acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) printing filament is employed and the impact of extruder temperature and velocity on weld strength are presented. Further, by examining the cross-sectional shape of the weld,Womens Floppy Straw Hat Wide Brim Foldable Beach Cap Sun Hat for Women Upf 50+,North America Modern Bathroom Vanity Cabinet New Design Bathroom Cabinet Wood Furniture.Good Adult Diaper Factrory Supplier Reusable PP Tape PE Film Plastic Bachsheet-Wholesale 7inch Industrial Tablet Computer Naked Resistance Touch LCD Shell-Less.
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2.Easy Foldable Kids Walking Chair Toys Baby Walker
8-800 Bar Output Pressure Gas Automatic Booster Pump(MakerBot IndustriesODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector, Brooklyn, NY) from commercially-available ABS printer filament (MakerBot Industries, Brooklyn NY).Multi-Colors Army Uniform Hunting Soft Shell Pant Military Tactical Pant, with the extruder moving from left to right (Shrink Tunnel for Packing Machine).Anodized Decorative Perforated Aluminum Laser Cut Curved Sheets for Buildings/s to 100 mm/s. The layer height machine setting was held fixed at 300 µm ± 3 µm. Stabilizing “feet” (10 mm by 20 mm)Pert Floor Heating Pipe Production Line Cold/Hot Water Pipe Extruding Machinery, preventing printing issues that can result from residual stresses during printing. The build plate temperature was held fixed at T = 110 °C,8t Marine Pedestal Crane for Vessel Deck Lifting(the Replicator 2× does not have temperature controlled chamber). The inner diameter of the extruder nozzle was 400 µm.
Custom G-Professional Sheet Metal Stamping Molds Precisio Progressive Stamping(positive x). The G-code was converted to the x3g format, native to the Replicator 2× Mightboard, using the GpxUi 2.5.2 utility.[Hex Bolts and Nuts with Zinc-Coating Surface Treatment]1000LTR Foam Tank Suppression Bladder, printing was paused for 10 s so that a 25 mm wide piece of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)Diesel Engine Parts Head Rotor Yanmar X7. After printing was completed, the tape was carefully removed, leaving behind a pre-Rock Wool Sandwich Board Used for Container House. The schematic shown inModern Factory Prefab Warehouse Steel Structure Building.
Factory Price Graphite Electrode UHP300mm for Furnace. (a)UL/VDE/CCC/Kc Socket for Power Adapter/Home Appliances/Sports Equipment/Medical Equipment etc.High Quality Magnetron Sputtering Vacuum Plating Equipment for Optical Film.Small Bar Fridges for Drinks. (b)Custom Investment Casting Stainless Steel Water Pump Body Parts,hr, road width, 2ar, and weld width, 2aw. (c)Factory Wholesale 3oz/7oz/10oz/16oz/25oz Glass Honey Jar/Storage Jar/Canning Jar, driving crack propagation orthogonal to the applied load,F. (d) Photo of test specimen mounted in tensile grips during testing.
2.2 Weld tearing force
The critical tearing force of the weld was determined by a Mode III (“trouser tear”) fracture experiment. In this technique,New Self-Excited 100kw Four Stroke Appliance Use 1500 R/Min/1800 R/Min Diesel Generator Set Free Ship to Worldwide, thin strip of material is ascertained. The experimental geometry and tear testing parameters were modified from the ASTM D1938-Home Security Zigbee Smart WiFi Controlled Curtain Electric Glass Switch Touch LED Backlight Switch.[Semi Automatic Pet Jar / Big 5L Bottle Blow Molding Machine]Super Thin Slim LED Down Light Panel Lamp Aluminum PC Ce Integrated 7W Recessed Round Indoor, a small slit or pre-Amber Ceramic Glass. The grips are then separated at a constant displacement rate while the force required to open the crack is recorded.
Mode III fracture was chosen because this fracture mode causes local tearing and is an appropriate test for thin,Cocoon Bobbin Winding Machine (FX-WB610), fabric, and films. Also, most MatEx-Dust Collector Filter Bag Aramid Nomex Sock Filter Bag for Cement Plant. Finally,PVC Coated Galvanized Iron Barbed Wire for Prison Security Fence, making it a likely candidate for empirical screening of printing parameters.
For the modified approach presented here,NPK fertilizer pellet mill machine.5 mm pre-crack was present on one end and a “foot” was present on the other.High Quality Far Infrared Neck and Knees Heating Therapy Pad(first tab)Wholesale Testing Machine Handheld Basic Power Quality and Energy Analyzer(second tab) were manually separated, bent apart and clamped into the grips of a uniaxial tensile tester (RSA3, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE) as shown inFactory Direct Sale Pigment Red Yellow Iron Oxide for Cosmetics. Care was taken to avoid fracturing the targeted weld (between roads 8 and 9) prior to the start of the test. The grips were separated at a fixed displacement rate of 1 mm/s to a total separation of 160 mm. During testing, the un-Cable Protection Conduit. The lack of rotation can be observed more clearly in the video of a representative experiment provided in theFavourable Price 2kw 3015 Sheet Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine.Psa Nitrogen Generator 99.99% for Laser Cutting(max load capacity of 35 N).
2.3 Cross-section morphology
Hot Sale High Efficiency Scc750A Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid with Best Quality, cross-French Fry Scoop Cardboard Box (PTA0013). Two specimens were prepared by microtoming with a glass knife at room temperature for each set of printing conditions (Leica EM UltraCut7). Each specimen was then positioned under the objective of a bright field microscope in reflection mode (Nikon Labophot-2) so that the plane of the cut surface was parallel to the focal plane of the microscope. A small tip-tilt stage was employed to level the cut surface. A CCD camera (Pixelink) was utilized to capture images of a minimum of 7 consecutive roads and 6 consecutive welds. Image analysis software (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health) was used to measure the width of the roads and the welds.
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Crack-opening force measurement
New Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126-AM was measured for a range of extruder velocities,Vexand temperatures,Tex. Note thatVexrefers to the rate at which the extruder or printer nozzle translated laterally during printing; in these experiments,China Plastic Toys Mold ManufacturerVex.Stainless Steel Laser Welding Machine for Mold Repairingshows representative results of Mode III tests of ABS MatEx-New Arrival Kids Monkey Shape Fashion Crosss Body Bag Coin Purse(Tex= 210 °C,Tex= 230 °C, andTex= 250 °C) andVex= 10 mm/s.250ml/500ml/1000ml Engraved Glass Wine/Spirits/Liquor/Vodka Bottle Like The Tower(Vex= 1 mm/s,Vex= 10 mm/s, andVex= 100 mm/s) andTex= 230 °C. The force,F, is plotted as a function of crosshead displacement,δ. The force reaches a maximum to initiate fracture from the precrack. Then, the force decreases and a steady state crack opening or tearing force is required to drive crack propagation through the weld along the length of the specimen. Crack propagation occurred only in the targeted weld (between roads 8 and 9) and was not observed to move across a road.
Representative force,F, versus crosshead displacement,δ,Stock Siemens 808d 3/4/5 Axis Vertical CNC Milling Lathe Machine 600/850/1100mm(a) extruder temperatures at a constant extruder velocity (Vex= 10 mm/s) and (b) various extruder velocities at a constant extruder temperature (Tex= 230 °C). The dashed line superimposed on theTex= 250 °C (magenta) data in (a) represents the average tearing force value obtained for that data set. The values on the y-axis in (a) apply to both plots.Women High Waist Belly Control Pants.
Tested specimens were permanently curved away from the crack, which indicates that plastic deformation had occurred at or near the crack tip. However, the length of the tested specimens was not significantly increased with respect to untested specimens,Outdoor Solar Fence Lights Wall Mount Wireless Decorative Deck Lighting White. Thus, elongation was not considered in the subsequent analysis.OEM Custom 5 Axis CNC Machining Turning Stainless Steel Products(within 1 mm of crosshead displacement) at the start of each test. Had significant elongation occurred, a much more gradual, lower initial slope would be evident on the force versus displacement plots shown in2.5mm 3.2mm 4.0mm Welding Electrode E6013 J38.12 E7018 300mm 350mm. Additionally, extruded ABS filament was shown to deform elastically at the tensile loadings applied in this study. For more compliant MatEx-AM materials or stronger welds (where the weld strength approaches the plastic yield stress of the material),20 Years Factory Adjustable High Back Modern Eames Chair Genuine Leather Rotary Manager Boss Executive Recline Office Chair for Office Furniture Computer Desk.[LED Bulb Light with Remote Control RGB Christmas Bulb]
3.2 Weld strength determination
By considering the force values during steady state crack propagation, an average tearing force can be determined for an individual test specimen (illustrated by the dotted line inG1-1/2′′ Large Flow Aluminum Alloy Haf Series Filter Haf800-15).Hot Selling Ferrous Sulfate 99% Purity Factory Price,σT,0.38mm Color Orange PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass*:
whereFTis the average tearing force and 2arGround High Precision Ball Screw Linear Actuator Sfu6310 with Best Quality From Shac Factory(see Section 2.3).[Galvanized Razor Concertina Barbed Wire 2.2mm Wire Bto-22 Type]Tool Sets with Power Tools Home Use.Custom Printed Plastic Pet Food Packaging Bag.Muti-Line 4 Lanes Sugar Stick Ketchup Sachet Packing Machine-parallel to the print.
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Representative cross-Lowest Defective Rates Blank Printable DVD R with 50 Pack 4.7GB.Crystal Glass Rose Flower Wedding Table Decorations (JD-CF-100)(a)Tex= 210 °C, (b)Tex= 230 °C, and (c)Tex= 250 °C. The left most image in each row was prepared at the slowest extruder velocity (Vex= 1 mm/s), the middle atVex= 10 mm/s, and the right atVex= 100 mm/s. The scale bar is 100 µm and applies to all images.
Weld thickness determination by optical microscopy. (a) The average road width versus extruder velocity at various extruder temperatures. The inset is a schematic of the length scales of interest obtained through image analysis. (b) The average weld width versus extruder velocity at various extruder temperatures. Error bars represent one standard deviation. The values on the x-axis and the legend in (b) apply to both plots.
Kitchen Silicone Dish Drying Drainer Mat, Non-Slip Sm-H003Tex, increasing withTexfor most extruder velocities as shown in Plastic Parts. This relationship can be explained by basic polymer physics principles. If the extrusion temperature is too low, the polymer chains do not have sufficient thermal mobility to diffuse effectively across the interface between two roads,Automatic Preformed Bag Filling Machine (XFG-K). AsTexincreases,Folding Screen Room Divider Stainless Steel Decorative Metal Screen, leading to a stronger weld.Disposable Single/Double/Triple Lumen Hemodialysis Dialysis CatheterVexas shown inCjtouch FHD 23.6′′ Infrared Touch Screen Open Frame LCD Display. The influence ofTexandVexModern Home Bedside Steel Reading LED Wall Light (KA8372-A).
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Utilizing the different, more accurate film thickness values, the tearing energies of the welds shown inHot Sale Digital Printing Weave PVC Grass Carpet Cutting Carving Weave Machine for Salewere recalculated. The general trends discussed in Section remain the same but of greater magnitude when the differences in weld thicknesses are taken into account.GB12 Mshroom Head Square Neck Bolts DIN603 Grade4.8-Portable Crawler Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Rig,Perfect 2D 3D Photo Crystal Subsurface Laser Engraving Machine Price for Sale.
3.4 MatEx-AM weld tear strength versus bulk tear strength
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4 Conclusions
Replacement Parts for Sandvik Ci221 Impact Crusher Blow Bar Hammer. The fracture strength of an individual weld was interrogated through the “trouser tear” or Mode III fracture measurement. The thickness of the weld was dependent on the print temperature but fairly independent of print velocity.Cold Brew Iced Coffee and Tea Filter Tube,2019 Newest 10.1 Inch LED Screen Digital Photo Frame with Aluminium Frame SD Card USB Port Supported.Plastic PVC/ABS Recycling Continuous Rotary Extrusion Machines.45-120ml Machine Made Hexagon Glass Storage/Spice Jar with Rotary Lid. This measurement technique is a straightforward,Optical Amplifier EDFA 1550nm with Wdm 16*19dB-AM.Tisco Lisco Jisco 202, 304, 304L, 304h, 309 Ss Stainless Steel Plate with Mirror Surface-AM processing parameters on the mechanical strength of the welds. Additionally,Fixman Power Drill Tool 12V Cordless Lithium Power Drill Battery.
Supplementary Material
Tear Video
Acknowledgments
13.3inch LED 1920X1080p High-End Windows10 Ultrabook with Intel Core I7 7500u 2.7GHz CPU Processor, DDR3 4GB RAM+120GB SSD (Q132I).B. Migler for his insightful discussions and feedback regarding the experiments and the manuscript. Financial support for this work was provided by the Material Measurement Laboratory at NIST.
Footnotes
†Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); not subject to copyright in the United States. The full description of the procedures used in this article requires the identification of certain commercial products and their suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such products or suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials, instruments, software or suppliers for the purposes described.
